Breast reduction (reduction mammoplasty) is a surgical procedure in which the breasts are reduced in size by excision of skin and some of the underling glandular and fatty tissue of the breast. Thus the weight and volume of the breasts are reduced. This is in contrast to mastopexy (Breast lifting) in which the skin envelope around the breast is reduced in size, however the glandular and fatty tissue substance of the breast is left predominately untouched. This has the effect of making the breast firmer and less pendulous (Ptotic) since the excess skin is removed.
Why do patients request breast reduction?
Large breasts may cause significant physical and psychosocial problems in women of all age groups. When breasts are larger than the prevailing standard of attractiveness they may be perceived as aesthetically unpleasing. In young patients this may result in poor posture (hunching and arching of the shoulders to attempt to disguise the breasts) due to self consciousness and embarrassment.This, in combination with the weight of heavy pendulous breasts may result in back, neck and shoulder pain in all age groups. Many patients attempt to buy clothes that cover large breasts, while others may have difficulty in buying clothes that fit properly. Some patients may complain that bra straps cut into their shoulders and others of maceration and infection of the skin under the breasts (Intertrigo).
Large breasts may limit performance in certain occupations as well as prevent patients pursuing sporting activities. Some patients with breast asymmetry may also request a unilateral breast reduction to improve symmetry.Psychological problems may be initiated by teasing from a young age. As a result embarrassment and self conciseness are enhanced and some patients may develop depression.
What happens in the outpatient clinic?
You will have been referred by your GP to the plastic surgical clinic to discuss your problem with a member of the surgical team. Initially you will be asked to explain how you perceive you problem and to explain your symptoms. Some details of your medical history will also be taken to assess your fitness for a surgical procedure.
You will then be examined to assess the size of your breasts. A measurement of the distance of the nipple to the collar bone may also be taken. At the end of this interview you should understand what treatments are available for your problem and what can reasonably be achieved. You may then have to decide, in your own time whether your feel that your symptoms are significant enough to warrant a breast reduction bearing in mind the potential gains and pitfalls of this procedure. It is very important to balance the pros and cons of surgery for your particular case.
You may come to clinic to discuss this more than once with the doctor and talk to relatives/ friends in between. If the doctor and yourself have decided that you are a suitable candidate. It is important that you are not taking the oral contraceptive pill or HRT for six weeks pre operatively since this increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis during the operation. Furthermore if you are excessively overweight your operation will be delayed since this may also result in problems around the time of surgery such as delayed wound healing and chest infections.
In some areas of the country the health authorities do not automatically fund breast reduction unless there are special circumstance such as extreme psychological or physical distress. You may then have to approach your health commission to prove your case. You may need support from your GP for this.How is a breast reduction performed?
A general anaesthetic is required in nearly all cases. There are many different methods of breast reduction. In general these can be divided into two distinct groups.
Firstly in patients with extremely large breasts the nipples are removed and replaced as free nipple grafts. Secondly in patients with moderately large breasts the nipples remain attached to the body by a pedicle of fatty, glandular tissue with blood vessels that keep the nipple alive.
In both types of breast reduction the nipple is moved up to the level of the skin crease under the breasts and the fat and skin removed in a complex 3 dimensional pattern below the nipple. This results in stitches around the nipple and down from the nipple to the breast crease and along the breast crease in a inverted T shape.Most patients have a plastic tube (drain) inserted behind the breast for one to three days post operatively to drain any blood oozes from the surgery. A small proportion of patients require a blood transfusion. A firm dressing is placed over the breasts and the stitches are removed between one and two weeks later. Patients are advised to purchase a firm wireless sport type bra of the appropriate size to wear in the post-operative period.
Most patients are healed and back to normal activities within six weeks
What complications can occur?
Nipple problems
Because the nipple is moved, it is placed at risk because the blood supply to the nipple may be impaired. This may result in loss of part or all of the nipple. This is fortunately a relatively rare complication.The risk increases with increasing breast size and therefore in patients with extremely large breasts the nipples are removed completely and replaced as skin grafts so that they develop their own new blood supply. There is, however a small risk that they may not take.
All patients who have their nipples removed and replaced as skin grafts will experience loss of nipple sensitivity and errectability. Some patients who have their nipples maintained on a fatty pedicle may loose some or all of their nipple sensitivity and errectability. A small minority of patients may develop nipple hypersensitivity.Breast feeding
Patients cannot usually breast feed after a breast reduction because the ducts of the gland may be divided.Bleeding problems
Some patients ooze blood excessively after a breast reduction and the drains do not drain all of the blood. A collection of blood can collect under the breast (haematoma) that enlarges and becomes increasingly painful.
If this happens patient have to go back to the operating theatre for a short anaesthetic to have the haematoma drained and the bleeding stopped.
Wound problems
In a proportion of cases patients may develop a wound infection that requires antibiotics or a small area of wound breakdown that requires regular dressing for one to two weeks until it heals.
ScarsThe scars pass around the nipple and down under the breast in an inverted T pattern. The scars will be prominent and visible initially although they fade and become less visible with time. Abnormal hypertrophic or keloid scarring may develop in a small proportion of patients (more commonly in Afro-Caribbean patients). In these cases the scars may become red, elevated and itchy for a prolonged period of time and may require some form of scar treatment.
Complications relating to anaesthesia
Patients may develop chest infections post operatively especially if they smoke. Blood clots can develop in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) which cause the calves to become swollen and tender.
Occasionally clots can break off and pass to the lungs (pulmonary embolus.)These problems are more common in patients taking the oral contraceptive pill or on HRT. Patients must stop taking these medications preoperatively if possible. All patients are given compression stockings peri-operatively to try to prevent this problem.
Longer term problems with breast shape
The breasts will alter in shape post operatively as the skin tension adjusts and the skin stretches. Some patients may have minor degrees of asymmetry post operatively. Usually this is not a problem. With time the nipples may rise slightly as the skin stretches. We usually take this into account during surgery and place the nipples slightly lower to compensate.
Yay food is a new scheme membership site that was created by Rachel Rofe, a former overweight woman who, according to his own story (and its images that support), was overweight most of her life, failed with a diet after the next, and then, after long and careful search, discovered the theory of evolution calories weight loss, built its own form of a transfer calorie diet, and he managed to lose 100 pounds of its weight.
The result is the composition of foods Yay site. I received a complimentary Rofe accession of Rachel, in the hope that I will consider. Of course, she hopes, I give her a positive review. And I have good things to say … And not so good as well.
The bad things that are Yay food has not really passed the starting point for the moment. The site must be improved, but it is very nice and easy to get around in. It has been greatly improved in recent months, but at the time of writing this article (which is April 2008), she still way to Go.
Another thing that is noteworthy is that this is a site of accession, and so it comes with a monthly fee. This is neither good nor bad, but only something you need to know.
The good things is that the website provides food Yay active support in the form of a discussion forum for users so that you can easily ask questions. The site has some nice features like a large number of articles, prices of motivation, and diet specific, of course. Overall, with a little more time, a little more members in the forum and a little more work, this regime will be even more popular.
People have reported good results with Yay Food and it certainly provides a positive environment for weight loss.
We are interested to know the level of knowledge the public has regarding the training of Plastic Surgeons. If you would be kind enough to answer the questions as you encounter them it will be greatly appreciated. Don’t worry, we aren’t keeping score and there are no wrong answers.
2. Do you think it takes more than four years after completion of medical school to become a board certified plastic surgeon?
Yes
No
The path to becoming a plastic and reconstructive surgeon involves many years of training in a multitude of fields. Four years of undergraduate education followed by four years of medical school are standard presurgical training periods. A number of surgical fields can be chosen for the prerequisite graduate surgical education prior to beginning plastic surgery residency. The following are prerequisite training options for plastic surgery:
1) Completion of a minimum of 3 years of clinical training in an accredited general surgery residency. A large percentage of plastic surgeons completed a general surgery residency (duration of 5-7 years) and have achieved board certification from the American Board of Surgery (certification requires successful completion of the written and oral examinations).
2) Completion of an accredited residency program in Orthopedic Surgery (duration of training is 5 years).
3) Completion of an accredited residency program in Otolaryngology (duration of training is 5-6 years).
3. Is everyone who advertises their practice as “Plastic Surgery” required by law to have completed an approved plastic surgery residency?
Yes”>Yes
No
The resident must then be evaluated by the American Board of Plastic Surgery to ensure that the prerequisite training was satisfactory prior to beginning plastic surgery training. Plastic surgery training is 2-3 years of clinical exposure to the many areas of plastic surgery with graded increases in clinical and surgical responsibilities. The progress of training is evaluated midway through the first and second years with a standardized written examination which all plastic surgery residents take. After satisfactory completion of a Plastic Surgery training program approved by the American Board of Plastic Surgery the resident is eligible for board certification. The American Board of Plastic Surgery administers a written examination at the end of the plastic surgery residency which must be completed satisfactorily. An oral exam is then administered 2 years after completion of the plastic surgery residency, and is based upon the clinical cases collected by the surgeon during the previous 2 years. If this examination is completed satisfactorily, the surgeon will then be board certified in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The entire process of becoming board certified in plastic surgery requires 17-20 years of education/training after high school.
Frequently, surgeons will choose to pursue additional subspecialty fellowship training in one of the following areas; hand surgery, craniofacial surgery, burn/critical care, microvascular surgery, or cosmetic surgery. These fellowships are usually 1 year in length.
4. Prior to reading this were you aware that training in plastic surgery was so lengthy?
Where did you first read about or hear the term Plastic Surgery? The supermarket medical library, usually located next to the check out aisle, is an almost constant source of bizarre headline information about conditions and procedures that might fall within the realm of plastic surgical interest. Unfortunately this is the only source of information available to many in the general public. We will present information here that will provide you with a real glimpse into the fascinating and ever expanding science and art of Plastic Surgery. If you are not sure what we do or how we are trained please come along on this journey. I am willing to bet you will change your mind about something or learn something new if you complete this section. Pay attention! There will be a quiz.
Many people mistakenly believe that the specialty of Plastic Surgery takes its name from the use of silicone and other manmade materials such as plastic reconstructive to achieve goals. Nothing could be further from the truth. The term plastic surgery comes from the Greek word which means to mold Plastik or to give form. Many of the early recorded efforts in surgery were attempts to restore normal form to body parts that had been altered due to injury. Procedures that we would classify as Plastic Surgery today were being carried out before the birth of Christ. Plastic surgical procedures fall into two major subdivisions: reconstructive and cosmetic.
Reconstructive procedures are carried out operations with the goal of restoring form and in many cases function of body parts that are abnormal due to injury, disease, or congenital defects. The repair of severe lacerations and the repair of fractures of the facial bones are common plastic surgical procedures. Use of tissue expansion and flaps and grafts to repair disfigurement due to burn injury and the transplantation of muscle from the back to a severely injured lower extremity are other common examples of reconstructive procedures carried out by plastic surgeons. The removal of skin cancers and repair of cleft lips and palates are other reconstructive procedures which make up the majority of the work done by many plastic surgeons. Reconstructive surgery might be defined as a surgical procedure performed on abnormal parts in an attempt to restore a more normal appearance and to improve function. The primary consideration here is the fact that the procedure is carried out on abnormal parts or tissues.
Cosmetic operations procedures are done purely to enhance the appearance of body parts which fall within the normal range of appearance and function. Examples would include procedures such as face lifts, nose reshaping done only for appearance, and fat suction procedures. The desire of humans to enhance their appearance is not a recent phenomena. The ancient Egyptians used makeup quite extensively, and we can be certain they were not the first society to do so. Surgical manipulation of tissue to enhance appearance was apparently common in India in 400BC. Numerous cultures have used surgical procedures to enlarge ear lobes, lips, and to produce scars in a pattern felt to enhance attractiveness or in some cases to appear more fearsome to enemies. The desire to change appearance does not appear to have emerged solely at the bidding of the Madison Avenue advertising executives. Americans are said to have spent $ 16 billion on beauty products in 1994. Against that backdrop cosmetic surgery is a tiny but important tool in the quest for personal beauty.
QUIZ
This quiz is completely voluntary and we are not going to give anyone a failing grade. I hope you will complete
the quiz and offer any constructive comments you might have about the material printed here.
1. Have you ever consulted a plastic surgeon?
Yes
NAME=”answer1″ VALUE=”NO”>No
2. Have you or a member of your family undergone a reconstructive surgical procedure?
VALUE=”YES”>Yes
No
3. Have you or anyone in your family undergone a cosmetic surgical procedure?
VALUE=”YES”>Yes
No
4. If the answer to 1, 2, or 3 is yes, were you satisfied with the outcome?
VALUE=”YES”>Yes
No
5. If the answer to 1, 2, or 3 is no, do you think the material you read here makes you more or less likely
to seek plastic surgical care now or in the future? Or is there no change in your views.
VALUE=”MORE LIKELY”>More likely
Less Likely
NAME=”answer5″ VALUE=”NO CHANGE”>No Change
Like many other, fad diets people wishing to lose weight often spend time looking for food and its principles in order to see if they think it is worth trying, and if it will work for them. A popular attraction called the Mediterranean diet Diet that many people try to read and that most people wonder about. Well, the truth about fad diets is that they usually work as the fashion phenomenon lasts, because when enough people realize the food does not promote the right kind of healthy weight loss, the popularity of the regime infatuation fades, and we rarely have never heard of again. The Mediterranean diet is more of a hit with the regime because it is much less restrictive than others, and even allows alcohol in small quantities, which is how it should be consumed by everyone, in the first place.
So what is the premise of the Mediterranean diet? Does he support the truth about fad diets, or is this the first of its kind to hold regular, true, healthy weight loss? Well, it does more than the standard diet craze to try to deceive you into thinking it is the way to go, but unfortunately, is another example that proves the truth about fad diets. The Mediterranean diet includes a balance of all major food groups, where fruit and vegetables are the most important staple. Brilliant, eh? It allows even a considerable amount of meat healthy, for all you carnivores there … Really great, is not it?
Well, that is until you realize each meal must be prepared from fresh ingredients. Not only do most people who need to lose weight do not have the time (which is probably what led to the convenience foods that secretly on the books stacked on a length of time) to make such a thing, but most situations are not financial To enable the purchase of a wide variety of fresh foods. The fact that fruit and vegetables are not in season all year only extenuates the cost factor when you are looking for a product during its season. You can find this product at a reduced price, regardless of the season when you buy it frozen or canned. Adding insult to injury, it is even more difficult to find fruits and vegetables which are grown organically, if you are living on a budget. As if the cool factor did not add the cost of this scheme now, the organic factor definitively seals! Apart from the fact that you have to add money in the grocery line, you prepare your meal with olive oil, which contains phenolic acids that help the body-and this is yet another issue that is difficult for most families to maintain regular basis because of its expense. These compounds can be found in other foods.
It is important to remember that the lifestyle of the Mediterranean region is much more relaxed than the USA, which gives them time to eat her food more slowly and it gives them more time to prepare their foods . The speed you eat your food will affect digestion of it, contributing to the flame. When you’re rushed to the point you have to eat and run generally the way we do, he adds stress in your life, all of which add to the fire.
So the truth about fad diets is that you can achieve your goals of weight loss without them. Eating, exercise, sleep well, and reduce the stress of adequate water intake, and you do the best way.
liquid diets are not something new. They beat thediet field quite some time ago and since then they have been very popular among dieters who want to achieve the elusive all “instant weight loss”. Yet few people have been appreciated and all the efforts made in cash to promote healthy diets and with good reason that in some cases, liquid diets have caused serious side effects of its user.
Nearly almost liquid diets are generally consist of either juice or fresh fruit shakes. liquid diet should only be used under the doctors or dieticians supervision . These regime olans are very strict and consist solely of fruit juice, and generally, they are limited to only a mere 600 calories per day! These regimes are really best suited for those who suffer very serious issues of obesity. Because these diets not to allow of intaking calories the body, it is able to begin almost instantly loosing weight loss.
Although you might feel weak and hungry throughout this diet, you can make an incredible weight loss of 4 pounds per week. In some cases, a liquid diet may be beneficial to your body, but if you overuse you may be at future health detoriation risks. Those who are under medical supervision by doctors showed rapid weight loss after only 2 weeks of the regime.
However, there are some who do differ with the benefits that the liquid feed has to offer. The rapid weight loss may slow down your metabolism and lean muscle destruction. At the end of the day, the dieter it would be even more difficult to maintain with weight loss. Moreover, if a liquid diet is used for far too long, it could negatively effect your health. You May experience anemia, muscle cramps, dizziness and women experience menstrual May anomaly. liquid diets are just a simple way to lose weight, because it requires little thought to implement.
But you should remember that any weight you lose on a liquid diet can be easily gained back. What helps a person to lose that excess weight and keeps the fat off is regular exercise. The liquid diets are just an easy way to a relevant problem and if you do not deal with the root of the problem of obesity, no doubt creep in your life. Not everyone is appropriate for a liquid diet.
As mentioned above, medical surveillance is necessary if one wishes to go on a liquid diet. However, many have tried to go on a liquid diet without the supervision of a healthcare professional and have suffered health problems as such. Liquid Nutrition can really work, but only if the dieter is determined to practice healthy eating habits, once the scheme ends and also engage in regular exercise to keep fit and himself not return to its mode life couch potatoes in the past or it May find that fat, he fought so hard to lose would simply return.
Eating regularly is necessary for a successful diet. This is also avoids good habit to resume the weight lost.
This meal is the essential starting point compulsory balanced one-day . If you skip or if it is not enough, you’ll be a lack of energy and risk hypoglycemia in the morning and the consequences it may be felt throughout the day (especially by small craquages, nibbling, and wholesale beatings pump “). You’ll certainly very hungry at lunch, especially if you did not snack. You may then eat beyond your energy needs, and you’ll end up heavy and drowsy much of the afternoon, is the opposite of the desired effect.
Do not neglect the morning snack
A morning snack is generally superfluous if you have breakfast. However, if you lifted very soon, or if your schedule requires you to large energy expenditure or a late lunch, it is essential to cut the morning. Make sure that you provide protein and calcium, made by a white cheese to 20% of MG is lesser.
This collation of “ten o’clock” is also a moment of calm healthy, a mini-recreation, quite necessary to work on the right foot!
Lunch
Whatever your situation, try to adhere to diet. If you are at home and children in the canteen, do not wait to be hungry to prepare your meals. You’d be tempted to nibble. Attach the contrary, a fixed time for meals and, in due course, sit at the table and give yourself time to eat quietly. When children are there, regularity is self-evident. And if you work, adjust the time of this meal to your diet schedule.
The snack in the afternoon
At home, take it at the same time that the taste of children. At work, take a short break an hour before leaving office. So you will not be hungry when arriving at you and you will not be tempted to grignotter pending dinner.
This snack could include: a yogurt + any fruit or fruit juice + a hot drink.
dinner
Whether you live alone or with family, preparing meals early enough for it to take place 20h, 20:30 at the latest. And even when you dine with friends, avoid making appointments too late.
In hot weather, most people prefer to drink a glass of ice water to cool off course. This is, without doubt, quenching, however, according to ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) is the last thing to do. In fact, ayurveda advises drinking exclusively by the hot water or ambient temperature, cold water, especially ice, annihilates the agni, namely the efficiency of digestion. The agni is of great importance because it is responsible for elimination toxins (or ama) in the body. Over the agni is stronger, it is easy to rid the body of the ama, thus preventing the accumulation of dirt and disease consecutive.
herbal tea
Although it is beneficial to drink hot water or warm, many people find it abhorrent. This can be remedied by adding plants. Not only do they improve the taste, but they can also provide a wide range of benefits depending on the plant chosen.
From this point of view “herbal tea”, or more exactly the infusions or tisanes, encompass much more than just herbs, because you can include spices and fruit.
One element which is excluded, however, is the black tea with its high tannin content and caffeine. It obtains easily trade in a wide variety of vegetable infusions, either in bulk or in bags individual, but it is also possible to do so yourself from plants and fresh dépices (taking good care of knowing the interests of those).
When you make a tea, you should always use the water you just boil and let the mixture steep purchased or your own ingredients much longer than usual tea. This recommendation is particularly relevant if you use a root, ginger, for example, in which case it is better to speak of decoction rather than herbal tea.
The gingerroot must macerate at least 10 minutes in water or, better still, prepare equivalent of full bottle and drink the decoction throughout the day, so that the ginger is increasingly infused by the hour. Do not forget to cleanse gingerroot before putting it to brew.
calming plants and their usage:
– Peppermint: an excellent back-General to facilitate digestion, relieves headaches, relieve mucous membrane, soothes morning sickness (during pregnancy) and motion sickness.
– Ginger: effective against respiratory problems (cold, cough, flu, sore throat), most of the problems of digestion, circulatory disorders, fever and flatulence. It is also a universal tonic.
– Chamomile: very calming, especially as regards the nervous and digestive systems, but also for emotional disorders. It is a valuable relief against anxiety, headaches and insomnia, it relieves cystitis and water retention. We recommend (with a little sugar or honey) to help children sleep and is advised when détats colic and fever.
– Cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg: the three stimulate the digestive system, calms fevers, colds and flu, and promote blood circulation.
– Fennel: particularly effective against all lesennuis digestion and nausea morning, it is recommended (with honey) for gastric embarrassment among children, and also against motion sickness.
– Citronella: an excellent grass soothing to calm and restore morale (anti-depressive illness), against dyspepsia nervous and to combat insomnia
Here is a diet that I developed to help my visitors to eat better and especially to find a weight at their convenience. This diet is typical calorie, it includes a wide variety of foods to not enter into a routine food that would endanger rebalancing. You can do during this summer, during holidays, when you’re at rest, far from your daily constraints, you will find the form, and well-being necessary for a healthier life!
1. BREAKFAST
A hot drink (unsweetened)
1 fruit of 150g or 1 fruit juice pressed “home”
100g of cheese 0%
50g bread
10g butter
2. LUNCH
100g of meat or fish cooked without fat
raw vegetables and / or vegetables cooked + 1 cuillière coffee vegetable oil (see seasonings)
100g of cheese 0% or 1 flavored or plain yogurt to 0%
3. Sneak
A scoop of sorbet or 1 fruit or 1 laitage lean
4. DINER
100g of meat or fish or 2 eggs
raw vegetables and / or vegetables cooked + 1 cuillière coffee vegetable oil (see seasonings)
1 nature or flavored yogurt to 0% or 1 cheese 0%
2 to 3 times per week: 120g of starchy foods cooked or 30g of bread per meal
Seasonings:
– 1st oil pressure cold: olive - soybeans - sunflower - pepin grape - rapeseed
– Lemon juice (preferably organic) - vinegar (cider, flavored, balsamic, etc…) - soy sauce - salt - pepper - mustard - herbs - parsley - thyme - chives - mint - basil - tarragon, with the summer enjoy the marchers and their flavors if summer and greedy!
Recommendations: drink lots of water (plain water, sparkling water, tea, tea, etc.…)
(!) AGAINST-INDICATION
Not recommended for people who have kidney or liver problems, for women who are pregnant or breast-feeding for children under 5 years. If in doubt or if you have more than 4 or 5 kilos to lose, ask your doctor.
With the return of sunny days and summer, the skin itself with delight to sunlight. However, we must be vigilant and know that we are not all equal before the influence of the Solar Astre. That is why it seemed important to put together a program tailored to each skin type.
1. Discover your skin type:
Skin very clear, many tasks rousseurs> no tanning, sunburn Important> your skin is very sensitive (involves 12% of the population).
Skin clear, dotted with a few tasks rousseurs blond hair> limited tanning, sunburn frequent> your skin is sensitive (26% of the population)
Skin quite clear, chestnut hair to brown> tanning fairly easy, sunburn when exposed intense> your skin is intermediate (31% of the population)
Skin matte black> easy tanning, sunburn very rare> your skin is resistant (31% of the population)
And now that you could determine your skin type, follow the guide!
2. Your skin is very sensitive
How long we may be under the exposure of sun light?
In the summer , you can stay 15 minutes in the sun with unprotected skin.
What coefficient of protection?
If you have to explain, choose a cream index between 30 and 60.
What diet?
One month to go before the sunny countries or holiday and throughout the duration of exposure, increase your fruits and vegatables consumption rich in antioxidants (carrots, tomatoes, melons, oranges). Eat each day 6 to 12 servings to choose among: corn, spinach salad, lettuce, watercress, peppers, carrots, tomatoes (and derivatives), melon, watermelon, mango, papaya, pink grapefruit, orange, lemon, apricot, strawberry, raspberry, citrus juice and grapes, almonds, hazelnuts, brazil nuts, wheat germ, peppers, herbs, spices including turmeric.
What about dietary supplements for sun protecting?
Two months before you set out, take a daily dietary supplement that provides moderate doses of vitamins C and E, carotenoids, selenium. Continue taking throughout the duration of exposure.
3. Your skin is sensitive
How long in the sun?
In the summer in USA , you can stay 20 minutes in the sun with unprotected skin. You can increase each week exposure to third. After three weeks, if no sunburn is come to peel the skin and lose the protection won, you can stay 40 minutes.
What are the coefficients of protection?
If you have to explain, choose a cream index between 15 and 60.
What about diet for sun protection?
A month before going to and during sun exposure, consume at least 5 to 8 servings daily of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants. To find the most interesting, consult the “very sensitive skin.”
What about dietary supplements?
A month and a half before you set out, take a daily dietary supplement that provides moderate doses of vitamins C and E, carotenoids, selenium. continue throughout the duration of exposure.
4. Your skin is intermediate
How long we may take in the sun?
In the summerin USA , you can stay 25 minutes in the sun with unprotected skin. You can increase each week exposure to third. After three weeks, if no sunburn is come to peel the skin and lose the natural protection won, you can stay 1 hour.
What coefficient of protection?
If you have to explain, choose a cream index between 15 and 30.
What about diet?
Three weeks to go before and during sun exposure, consume at least 4 to 6 servings daily of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants. To find the most interesting, consult the “very sensitive skin.”
dietary supplement?
A month before you set out, take a daily dietary supplement that provides moderate doses of vitamins C and E, carotenoids, selenium. continue throughout the duration of exposure.
5. Your skin is resistant
How long in the sun?
In the summer in USA , you can stay 30 minutes in the sun with unprotected skin. You can increase each week exposure to third. After three weeks, if no sunburn is come to peel the skin and lose the natural protection won, you can stay 1 hour and 30.
What coefficient of protection?
To expose you choose a cream index between 6 and 30.
What about diet?
At least two weeks to go before and during sun exposure, consume at least 3 to 5 servings daily of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants. To find the most interesting, consult the “very sensitive skin.”
dietary supplement?
Two to three weeks at least before you set out, take a daily dietary supplement that provides moderate doses of vitamins C and E, carotenoids, selenium. continue throughout the duration of exposure.
